We developed and empirically tested a theoretical model using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The relative importance of workplace resources was assessed by dominance analysis. RESULTS Staffing levels, relational climate, and information technology were significantly associated with nurses' workload perceptions. Dominance analysis indicated that relational resources are the most important measure in explaining nurses' workload perceptions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to examine the relative importance of workplace resources in explaining nurses' perceptions of their workload. Our results suggest that much might be gained by investing in interventions to boost relational resources. In turn, these findings could lead to more targeted, effective, and resource efficient interventions to improve nurses' workload.Ideal drugs to improve outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are those with anti-glycemic efficacy, as well as cardiovascular safety that has to be determined in appropriately designed cardiovascular outcome trials as mandated by regulatory agencies. The more recent anti-hyperglycemic medications have shown promise with regards to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction in T2DM patients at a high cardiovascular risk. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are associated with better cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in T2DM patients than are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, leading to the Food and Drug Administration's approval of empagliflozin to reduce mortality, and of liraglutide to reduce CVD risk in high-risk T2DM patients. For heart failure outcomes, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are beneficial, while glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are neutral. Ongoing and planned randomized controlled trials of these newer drugs should clarify the possibility of class-effects and of CVD risk reduction benefits in low-moderate cardiovascular risk patients. While we eagerly await the results on ongoing studies, these medications should be appropriately prescribed in T2DM patients with baseline CVD or those at a high CVD risk after carefully evaluating the elevated risk for adverse events like gastrointestinal disturbances, bladder cancer, genital infections, and amputations. Studies to understand the pleotropic and novel pathophysiological mechanisms demonstrated by the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors will shed light on the effects of the modulation of microvascular, inflammatory, and thrombotic milieu for improving CVD risk in T2DM patients. This is part 2 of the series on non-insulin antihyperglycemic drugs for the treatment of T2DM.Intestinal inertia is a severe form of gut dysmotility that may require surgical resection. Loss of myenteric ganglion cells has been proposed as a possible etiology. Preclinical models have also suggested that virus infection-associated ganglionitis may be an alternative pathogenic factor. We determined to the extent intestinal inertia is associated with the lack of myenteric ganglion cells or ganglionitis using resection specimens from 27 intestinal inertia and 28 colon cancer patients. A hot spot approach with 5?HPFs was used for quantifying inflammatory cells. CD3, CD8, and CD20 immunohistochemistry was used to quantify T and B lymphocytes, along with subtyping the T-lymphocyte population by CD8. None of the intestinal inertia nor control cases showed the absence of myenteric ganglion cells. A total of 15 (55.6%) of the intestinal inertia cases showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the myenteric ganglion cells, compared with only 1 of 28 (3.6%) control cases (P less then 0.0001 by Fisher exact test). The inertia cases with inflammatory infiltrates were all associated predominantly with lymphocytes, including 3 cases (11.1%) with concurrent eosinophil infiltration, and 1 case (3.7%) with concurrent neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, all 15 inertia cases with myenteric lymphocytic ganglionitis were associated with T lymphocytes (100%), including 1 case with a subset of concurrent B lymphocytes. The average CD3 count was 3.8 cells/HPF. CD8 immunohistochemical stain showed positive staining in 12 of the 15 cases (80%) with CD8-positive cells ranging from 1 to 8/HPF. In contrast, the only control case with lymphocytic ganglionitis showed mixed B and T lymphocytes and eosinophils. The high prevalence of T-lymphocyte infiltration in the myenteric ganglion in intestinal inertia cases suggests a possible pathogenic role.Invasive stratified mucinous carcinoma (iSMC) has been suggested to represent an aggressive subtype of endocervical adenocarcinoma. We sought to investigate the outcomes of iSMC and determine which clinical and pathologic parameters may influence the prognosis. Slides from 52 cases of iSMC were collected and classified as follows pure iSMC (&gt;90% of the entire tumor) and iSMC mixed with other human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma components (miSMC) (&gt;10%, but less then 90% of the entire tumor). Clinical and pathologic parameters were evaluated and compared with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). One third of patients with iSMC presented with lymph node metastases (LNM) and 25% developed local recurrences, whereas 4 (7.7%) developed distant recurrences. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluzoparib.html 29 cases (55.8%) were pure iSMC, whereas 23 cases (44.23%) were miSMC. OS was 74.7% in pure iSMC versus 85.2% in miSMC (P=0.287). RFS was 56.5% in pure iSMC and 72.9% in miSMC (P=0.185). At 5 years, OS in stage I was 88.9% versus stage II to IV 30% (P=0.004), whereas RFS in stage I was 73.9% versus stage II to IV 38.1% (P=0.02). OS was influenced by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P=0.013), tumor size (P=0.02), LNM (P=0.015), and local recurrence (P=0.022), whereas RFS was influenced by FIGO stage (P=0.031), tumor size (P=0.001), local recurrence (P=0.009), LNM (P=0.008), and type of surgical treatment (P=0.044). iSMC is an aggressive cervical tumor biologically different from other human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinomas due to the propensity for LNM, local/distant recurrence. FIGO stage, tumor size, LNM, and presence of local/pelvic recurrences are determinants of outcome in iSMCs.